Thursday, August 30, 2012

“他却是被造的” 吗?

2011-3-11 03:37

他却是被造的

《论信望爱》——圣奥古斯丁

第三十八章一一耶稣基督作为肉身,是因圣灵感孕而生,不是指圣灵是他的父亲。

  尽管如此,我们是否因此可以说圣灵是基督的肉身之父呢?是否因为天父上帝生了那道,而圣灵上帝生了基督的肉身,这两个特性构成了一个基督昵?是否基督作为道是天父上帝的儿子,而作为人却是圣灵上帝的儿子,圣灵作为父亲从童贞女马利亚生了他昵?有谁如此放肆地说这种话?我们无需推论由此可引发出多少谬论,这说法本身便是极端荒谬的,没有一位信徒不感到不堪入耳。我们认信的是:"我们的主耶稣基督,出于上帝而为上帝,因圣灵从童贞女马利亚所生,同具神性与人性,他是全能父上帝的独生子,圣灵也自天父上帝而来。"基督若不是圣灵所生,那么,在何种意义上我们又说基督因圣灵而生呢?他是否圣灵所造?是否我们的主耶稣基督作为上帝"万物都是藉着他造的",而作为人,他却是被造的呢?因为使徒保罗说,"按肉体说,(他)是从大卫后裔生的"。但既然仅与圣子的位格结合,又藉童贞女怀孕所生的受造者,是三一的上帝所造(因为三一神上帝的工作从来都是不可分的),何以只说他是因圣灵而生的呢?是否只需提到一个位格在工作,便说明三个位格都在工作呢?事实正是如此,而且可以举例加以证实。但在此问题的解答上,我们无需花费更多的笔墨,因为令人困惑之处仅仅在于,从何种意义上说耶稣基督"因圣灵所生"却不是圣灵之子。我们只需看到,尽管上帝造了这个世界,我们却不能说世界是上帝的儿子,或说世界是上帝所生;我们可以说世界是上帝创造、造成、制作、立定的,或用任何其他恰当的字眼。所以当我们在信经中说耶稣基督"因着圣灵感孕,从童贞女马利亚所生"的时候,难以解释的只是,他既"因圣灵从童贞女马利亚所生"为什么不是圣灵的儿子,却是童贞女马利亚的儿子。一个清楚无疑的事实是,圣灵并非作为父亲而生了基督,而童贞女马利亚却是作为母亲生了他。





1。引言。

最近又有人在炒作 “人成为神” 这个话题。传统上一般基督徒都认定:人就是人,人不会成为神。但是有些人引用教会初期的教父言论,教父又直接引用圣经,这么一来,持传统观念的基督徒必须有所回应。

在论证上,第一、要看对方的论证程序,第二、要看例证的原本意思,第 三、要面对翻译的挑战。其实,做一个论证之前,自己要先做好研究作业,不能断章取义,也不能道听途说。论证的结果应该是自己的研究结晶。

为了明白对方所引用的例证,自然把奥古斯丁的大作整篇都找出来,接着找出英文翻译、拉丁文原文,做比对,确实明白奥古斯丁所表达的原意。再来,是经文的部分,免不了要查出相关的经文,也要查对希腊文、英文翻译、拉丁文翻译。如此,才会知道神说了什么、教父们引用是否正确。最后,才回应 “人成为神” 这个论证。

2。查考。

奥古斯丁说 “他(耶稣基督)却是被造的” 。对照《论信望爱》的英文翻译(见 附一)和拉丁文原文(见 附二),奥古斯丁确实是这么说。奥古斯丁时代,是拉丁文通用的时代,虽然在东方仍然是希腊文为主流。奥古斯丁会这么说,完全是根据圣经的字句 (见 附七)。

但是,被引用经文(罗1:3)的翻译似乎与中文圣经译本不同,于是进一步查考奥古斯丁时代的拉丁文圣经译本(见 附三),不懂拉丁文,要另外再查考每个字的字义。是的,拉丁文译本真的翻译成 “被造” ,于是回过头来对照英文圣经译本
(见 附四),发现只有钦定本(KJV)翻译成 “made 被造”。可能是早期的翻译仍然受到拉丁文译本的影响。所以,必须回到希腊文新约手抄本(见 附五),倒都是 “genomenou 成为” (见 附六)。

因此,问题出在拉丁文译本,于是就比对希腊文-拉丁文圣经之间的翻译,发现:希腊文 “ginomai 成为” 多半被翻译成 拉丁文 “facio 造。” 
拉丁文圣经译本在创世记使用 creo(创造) 和 facio(造)(见 附八),所以在圣经里,facio 是有 “造” 的意思。但是,“成为” 和 “造” 两者的意思差太多了,但是 “成为” 勉强有 “做成” 的意思,接近 “造” 。所以,特意寻找有强烈 “成为” 意思的 ginomai ,于是有 徒10:40 的 “显现” (更正:成为-显现 to become manifest),因此 facio 必定还有其他不常用的意思、很接近 “成为” 的意思。
3. 结论。(待续)



=================================



Big 2011-3-11 03:37
附一。英文翻译:

The Handbook on Faith, Hope and Love
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1302.htm

Chapter 38. Jesus Christ, According to the Flesh, Was Not Born of the Holy Spirit in Such a Sense that the Holy Spirit is His Father.

Nevertheless, are we on this account to say 
        that the Holy Ghost is the father of the man Christ, 
        and that as God the Father begot the Word, 
                so God the Holy Spirit begot the man, 
        and that these two natures constitute the one Christ; 
        and that as the Word He is the Son of God the Father, 
        and as man [He is] the Son of God the Holy Spirit, 
                because the Holy Spirit as His father begot Him of the Virgin Mary


Who will dare to say so? 
Nor is it necessary to show by reasoning how many other absurdities flow from this supposition, 
        when it is itself so absurd that no believer's ears can bear to hear it. 
Hence, as we confess, Our Lord Jesus Christ, 
        who of God is God, 
                and as man was born of the Holy Ghost and of the Virgin Mary, 
        having both natures, the divine and the human, 
is the only Son of God the Father Almighty, from whom proceeds the Holy Spirit. 

Now in what sense do we say that Christ was born of the Holy Spirit, 
        if the Holy Spirit did not beget Him


Is it that He (HS) made Him (JC), 
since our Lord Jesus Christ, 
        though as God all things were made by Him, 
yet as man was Himself made
        as the apostle says, who was made of the seed of David according to the flesh

But as that created thing 
        which the Virgin conceived and brought forth 
        though it was united only to the person of the Son, 
was made by the whole Trinity 
        (for the works of the Trinity are not separable), 
why should the Holy Spirit alone be mentioned as having made it


Or is it that, when one of the Three is mentioned as the author of any work, 
the whole Trinity is to be understood as working? 
That is true, and can be proved by examples. 
But we need not dwell longer on this solution. 
For the puzzle is, in what sense it is said, born of the Holy Ghost, 
        when He is in no sense the Son of the Holy Ghost? 
For though God made this world, 
        it would not be right to say that it is the Son of God, 
        or that it was born of God; 
we would say that it was created, or made, or framed, or ordered by Him, or whatever form of expression we can properly use. 

Here, then, when we make confession that Christ was born of the Holy Ghost and of the Virgin Mary, 
it is difficult to explain how it is that He is not the Son of the Holy Ghost and is the Son of the Virgin Mary, 
when He was born both of Him and of her. 
It is clear beyond a doubt that He was not born of the Holy Spirit as His father, 
in the same sense that He was born of the Virgin as His mother.
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 03:42
附三。罗马书1:3
拉丁文译本 - 武加大译本,

http://www.sacredbible.org/studybible/NT-06_Romans.htm
Latin-English Study Bible 
Anno 2009         Vulgatæ Editionis        CPDV, OE

[Romani 1]
[Romans 1]

{1:3} de Filio suo, qui factus est ei ex semine David secundum carnem,
{1:3} about his Son, who was made for him from the offspring of David according to the flesh,


http://www.latin-dictionary.net/q/latin/factus.html
fio, feri, factus, v
Conjugation: f
1. (facio PASS)
2. it is being done]
3. [fiat => so be it, very well
4. |be made/become


http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=factus&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0060
factus adj.

P. of facio, elaborate, finished, artistic : oratio: argentum, silver-ware : negare Versiculos magis factos, H.: ad unguem Factus homo, complete , H.


http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Latin/
fio, fieri, factus : be        made, be done, become.
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 03:47
附四。罗马书1:3
英文译本

* 只有 KJV 钦定本,翻译成 《made》

http://bible.cc/romans/1-3.htm
(factus = to be made)

New International Version (©1984)
regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David,
New Living Translation (©2007)
The Good News is about his Son. In his earthly life he was born into King David's family line,

English Standard Version (©2001)
concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh

New American Standard Bible (©1995)
concerning His Son, who was born of a descendant of David according to the flesh,

International Standard Version (©2008)
regarding his Son. He was a descendant of David with respect to his humanity

GOD'S WORD® Translation (©1995)
This Good News is about his Son, our Lord Jesus Christ. In his human nature he was a descendant of David.

King James Bible
Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

American King James Version
Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

American Standard Version
concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

Bible in Basic English
About his Son who, in the flesh, came from the family of David,

Douay-Rheims Bible
Concerning his Son, who was made to him of the seed of David, according to the flesh,

Darby Bible Translation
concerning his Son (come of David's seed according to flesh,

English Revised Version
concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

Webster's Bible Translation
Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh.

Weymouth New Testament
who, as regards His human descent, belonged to the posterity of David,

World English Bible
concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,

Young's Literal Translation
concerning His Son, (who is come of the seed of David according to the flesh,
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 03:48
附五。罗马书1:3
希腊文 手抄本

* 手抄本都是用:γενομένου (字根 γινομαι ginomai,成为,出现)。

http://mlbible.com/romans/1-3.htm
(genomenou = to become; aorist, passive)

................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Tischendorf 8th Ed. with Diacritics

περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα,
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Greek Orthodox Church

περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυῒδ κατὰ σάρκα,
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Stephanus Textus Receptus (1550, with accents)

περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαβὶδ κατὰ σάρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Westcott/Hort with Diacritics

περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ κατὰ σάρκα,
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Tischendorf 8th Ed.

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαυειδ κατα σαρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαυιδ κατα σαρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Textus Receptus (1550) 

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαβιδ κατα σαρκα 
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Textus Receptus (1894)

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαβιδ κατα σαρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Westcott/Hort

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαυιδ κατα σαρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Westcott/Hort, UBS4 variants

περι του υιου αυτου του γενομενου εκ σπερματος δαυιδ κατα σαρκα
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Greek NT: Tischendorf 8th Ed. - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos daueid kata sarka

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos daueid kata sarka

................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Byzantine/Majority Text (2000) - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos dauid kata sarka
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Stephens Textus Receptus (1550) - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos dabid kata sarka 
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Scrivener's Textus Receptus (1894) - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos dabid kata sarka
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Westcott/Hort (1881) - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos dauid kata sarka
................................................................................ 
ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ 1:3 Westcott/Hort, UBS4 variants - Transliterated

peri tou uiou autou tou genomenou ek spermatos dauid kata sarka
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 03:53
附六。γενομένου (字典型 γὶνομαι)的意思:

A. http://biblos.com/romans/1-3.htm

γενομένου        genomenou        1096        gínomai V-2ADP-GSM        who was made


B. http://strongsnumbers.com/greek/1096.htm

1096 gínomai – properly, to emerge, become, transitioning from one point (realm, condition) to another. 1096 (gínomai) fundamentally means “become” (becoming, became) so it is not an exact equivalent to the ordinary equative verb “to be” (is, was, will be) as with 1510 /eimí (1511 /eínai, 2258 /ēn).

1096 (ginomai) means “to become, and signifies a change of condition, state or place” (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 109).

M. Vincent, “1096 (gínomai) means to come into being/manifestation implying motion, movement, or growth” (at 2 Pet 1:4). Thus it is used for God's actions as emerging from eternity and becoming (showing themselves) in time (physical space).


C. http://bible.fhl.net/gbdoc/new/s.php?N=0&k=1096&m=

1096 ginomai {ghin'-om-ahee}

基本字型, 以关身语态出现; TDNT - 1:681,117; 动词

AV - be 255, come to pass 82, be made 69, be done 63, come 52,
     become 47, God forbid + 3361 15, arise 13, have 5, be fulfilled 3,
     be married to 3, be preferred 3, not tr 14, misc 4, vr done 2; 678

1) (自然) 生成
2) 被制作, 被创造
3) 升起, 出现, 发展 (事件或现象) 
4) 发生, 成为 (過程或结果)
5) 变成 (改变进入新的状况)
6) 迁移
7) 结果是 (成为某种状态或拥有某些特质)
8) 出席, 到场
9) 属於
10) 在, 在...里面 (一個地方)

   3a) 指出现在公众中的人物
4) 实行, 完成
   4a) 行神迹
5) 变成为, 被做成
6) 是, 有, 拥有


1096 ginomai {ghin'-om-ahee}

a prolongation and middle voice form of a primary verb;
   TDNT - 1:681,117; v

AV - be 255, come to pass 82, be made 69, be done 63, come 52,
     become 47, God forbid + 3361 15, arise 13, have 5, be fulfilled 3,
     be married to 3, be preferred 3, not tr 14, misc 4, vr done 2; 678

1) to become, i.e. to come into existence, begin to be, receive being
2) to become, i.e. to come to pass, happen
   2a) of events
3) to arise, appear in history, come upon the stage
   3a) of men appearing in public
4) to be made, finished
   4a) of miracles, to be performed, wrought
5) to become, be made
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 03:55
made 的英文字义:(也有“出现”的意思)

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/make

make  (mk)
v. made (md), mak·ing, makes
v.tr.
1. To cause to exist or happen; bring about; create: made problems for us; making a commotion.
2. To bring into existence by shaping, modifying, or putting together material; construct: make a dress; made a stone wall.
3. To form by assembling individuals or constituents: make a quorum.
4. To change from one form or function to another: make clay into bricks.
.....
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 04:08
复杂的论述,不可断章取义,也不可漠视出处的原始用意、原始目的。

出处的原始目的是在否定 :从人来看,耶稣的父是圣灵。
第一,因为耶稣基督是全能神的独生子。
第二,因为耶稣基督是三一神共同造的。
第三,因为被造的并不一定是神的儿子。
所以,基督是圣灵和马利亚生的,但是圣灵不是基督的父亲,
相对地,马利亚是基督的母亲。

坦白说,我看不懂奥古斯丁的论证,
连奥古斯丁自己也承认:这是难以解释。

回到我们的争议,奥古斯丁提到:耶稣基督自己也是被造。
奥古斯丁也引用圣经,来佐证他的话。
是的,武加大-拉丁文译本是这么说的:被造,
但是,希腊文的手抄本多是说:成为。
可能会有一本希腊手抄本说:被造,但是目前还没有出现。

回到拉丁文译本的经文来看,罗马书说:从肉体来看,他为了他从大卫的后裔被造。“被造”的本身讲的不是本质:被造成为人,被造成为肉体。“被造”所强调的是职分:被造成为大卫的后裔,被造成为弥赛亚。

再进一步的争议是:出自于人,被造。被造时,为什么把神排除了?

回到奥古斯丁论述的前后文,奥古斯丁使用一个奇特的字眼“THAT created THING”(那个-被造的-东西),当然这个是英文翻译。如果奥古斯丁用奇怪的论证,来定论: 圣灵生耶稣,但是圣灵不是耶稣的父亲 。那么,用类似的论证,也可以定论出: 耶稣是被造的,但是耶稣还不算是被造的 
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 14:12
附八。拉丁文的 “造” 。

https://www.51zanmei.net/thread-22637-1-1.html
奥古斯丁在《论三位一体》一书里常以对比的手法说到这点:基督作为神,万物是藉着祂造的(约一3);基督作为人,祂是从大卫后裔造的(罗一3),或说是从女人造的(加四4)。

对制定《迦克墩信经》有极大影响的利奥在其著名的信函《利奥大卷》里也用约一3和加四4这两节经文说到:基督确是神,因为万物是藉着祂造的(约一3);基督确是人,因为是从女人所造(加四4)。
这几节经文,希腊文是 ginomai (成为,to become)。
拉丁文译本做 facio (造,to make),不过 facio 还是有 to bring to pass (发生)的意思。
英文译本做 made (造,约1:3)和 born (生,加4:4)。

首先,希腊文的“造”有 ktizo,西1:16 的拉丁文译本做 condita/condio 和 creata/creo 。就创世记里的“造”,拉丁文译本使用 creo 和 facio 。不可否认:facio 有“造”的意思,但是 facio 就只有这个意思吗?

其次,徒10:40 第三日, 神叫他复活,显现出来。文中的“显现”,希腊文是 ginomai ,拉丁文译本做 facio 。基本上,凡是 ginomai ,拉丁文译本都做 facio 。但是,很明显的,在徒10:40的 facio 不能是“造”。 否则,复活后,还又被造一次 ,那么,会引发许多争议,其中一个就是:耶稣的人性是何时存在的(许多人认为在第一次道成肉身之后,才存在的)。所以,一味地把 facio 翻译成“made 被造”,这样并不妥当。

第三,factus 是个分词,在这里作形容词。动词原本是描述主词的动作,但是动词要形容一个名词或句子时,就改成分词字型。作形容词的分词,就具备有动词和形容词两者的特性和意思。

factus est 意思是:是 被造的。就有两种意思:被造成的,有被造性的。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 14:25
我真的无法做这样的研究了,因为这是旷时废日的工作。
其次,许多时候,研究的结果反驳了对方,至少我方并不会理亏。大公-正统的信仰绝对经得起考验的。
第三,研究教父著作,并不是一般信徒做得到的(由于时间和能力的限制)。还是熟读圣经来得重要。
第四,老觉得对方断章取义地引用,不怎么仔细地研究。长期以来的网路讨论,已经令人疲惫,觉得有需要把以往的讨论,做个整理,做成教材。

知识很重要,但是修身养性也是很重要。
学习柔和谦卑,学习顺服,可能比花长久的时间来讨论,还来得重要。

。。。沉默的羔羊
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 14:56
附二。拉丁文原文。

http://www.augustinus.it/latino/enchiridion/enchiridion.htm
ENCHIRIDION AD LAURENTIUM LIBER UNUS
(DE FIDE, SPE ET CARITATE LIBER UNUS)

12. 38. Numquid tamen ideo dicturi sumus patrem hominis Christi esse Spiritum Sanctum, ut Deus Pater Verbum genuerit, Spiritus Sanctus hominem, ex qua utraque substantia Christus unus esset, et Dei Patris filius secundum Verbum et Spiritus Sancti filius secundum hominem, quod eum Spiritus Sanctus tamquam pater eius de matre virgine genuisset? Quis hoc dicere audebit? Nec opus est ostendere disputando quanta alia sequantur absurda, cum hoc ipsum iam ita sit absurdum ut nullae fideles aures id valeant sustinere. Proinde sicut confitemur, Dominus noster Iesus Christus, qui de Deo Deus, homo autem natus est de Spiritu Sancto et de virgine Maria, utraque substantia, divina scilicet atque humana, Filius est unicus Dei Patris omnipotentis, de quo procedit Spiritus Sanctus. Quomodo ergo dicimus Christum natum de Spiritu Sancto, si non eum genuit Spiritus Sanctus? An quia fecit eum? Quoniam Dominus noster Iesus Christus in quantum Deus est, omnia per ipsum facta sunt 81; in quantum autem homo est, et ipse factus est , sicut Apostolus dicit: Factus est ex semine David secundum carnem 82. Sed cum illam creaturam quam virgo concepit et peperit, quamvis ad solam personam Filii pertinentem, tota Trinitas fecerit; neque enim separabilia sunt opera Trinitatis; cur in ea facienda solus Spiritus Sanctus nominatus est? An et quando unus trium in aliquo opere nominatur, universa operari Trinitas intellegitur? Ita vero est, et exemplis doceri potest. Sed non est in hoc diutius immorandum. Illud enim movet, quomodo dictum sit: Natus de Spiritu Sancto 83, cum filius nullo modo sit Spiritus Sancti. Neque enim quia mundum istum fecit Deus, eum fas est dici filium, aut eum natum de Deo; sed factum vel creatum vel conditum vel institutum ab illo, vel si quid huiusmodi recte possumus dicere. Hic ergo, cum confiteamur natum de Spiritu Sancto et Virgine Maria, quomodo non sit filius Spiritus Sancti et sit filius Virginis Mariae cum et de illo et de illa sit natus, explicare difficile est; procul dubio quippe non sic de illo ut de patre, sic autem de illa ut de matre natus est.
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 15:26
附七。奥古斯丁说 “作为人,他却是被造的” 乃是忠实地根据拉丁文圣经译本。

以下是拉丁原文。奥古斯丁 按照拉丁文译本,使用 factus/facio “被造”。

http://www.augustinus.it/latino/enchiridion/enchiridion.htm
-- 《论信望爱》的拉丁原文版
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=quantum&la=la#lexicon
-- 拉丁文-英文 字典

in quantum-as autem-but homo-man est-be, 
et-also ipse-(him)self factus-made est-be 
.....
Sed-but cum-when illam-that creaturam-creating 
quam-how/as virgo- concepit-conceive et-and peperit-bear/create,

拉丁-中文对照:
in quantum-如同 autem-但是 homo-人 est-(他)是, 
et-也 ipse-他自己 factus-被造 est-是 
.....
Sed-但是 cum-当 illam-那 creaturam-造(之物) 
quam-如 virgo- concepit-怀孕 et-和 peperit-生,
删除 回复一丰 2011-3-11 15:36
谢谢B牧师的分析和分享及所花费的时间,虽然我只能看懂个大概意思。
删除 回复追求永生 2011-3-11 15:47
谢谢牧师的做工和警言。非常赞同牧师的劝勉:(1)对教父思想的研究最好不要当作日常的信仰生活的主体;(2)与其把大量的时间花在理解教父的观点上,远不如学习圣经。即使对教父的理解很透彻和正确,也不能作为标准。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 22:33
一丰: 谢谢B牧师的分析和分享及所花费的时间,虽然我只能看懂个大概意思。
别急,我先把查到的资料po上来,再来整理出论述。

主要是针对 “耶稣作为人,是被造的” 这个议题,所做的研究。
既然有人引用教父的话,教父引用圣经的话,得出:耶稣是被造的。
反方就必须研究出个道理来。

研究的初步结果,是的,教父的话、圣经的话 都有说:耶稣是被造的。
但是,翻译会造成这样的假象。

第一,希腊文手抄本用 “成了”(ginomai, to become)。新约最初是用希腊文写的,所以必须回到希腊文圣经手抄本。

第二,拉丁文译本翻译成 factus/facio (分词、字根) “被造”。虽然 facio 多半做 “造”,但是 facio 也有 “成了” 的意思(参考 徒10:40)。

一味地限定 facio 的字义,那么,加4:4的“从女人被造” (英文译本做:被生)将会造成神学上的问题。
如果耶稣的被造是耶稣才有的特例,那么,耶稣的受造就不是一般所说的受造。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-11 23:01
与其叫人看见自己的知识,不如叫人看见自己的德行-美德。

“你们要分外地殷勤;有了信心,又要加上德行;有了德行,又要加上知识;6 有了知识,又要加上节制 ;有了节制,又要加上忍耐;有了忍耐,又要加上虔敬;7有了虔敬,又要加上爱弟兄的心;有了爱弟兄的心,又要加上爱众人的心” ~ 彼 得 後 書 1:5-7
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-12 00:42
1. 奥古斯丁认为:耶稣的被造方式 乃是取了被造物的形象。
2. 奥古斯丁认为:人不会成为神。
3. 奥古斯丁认为:道成肉身 为的是:彰显神性,成就救赎。
4. 奥古斯丁一再强调:耶稣的人神两性不可分,神的三一性不可分。

那么,“神成为人,为了使人成为神” 这个论述成立吗?
从永生、不朽、审判来看,是的,这个论述成立。
但是,从神的本质来看,这个论述是错的,成为神的人并没有完全的神性,只不过是有分于神性。因为子-耶稣自始至终都有着完整的神性,人自始至终都是有限的受造物。造物主与受造物最大的、永远的不同就是:神具备神格,受人敬拜。没有神格的神,好比死的活人、猪狗不如的人,勉强称得上是神,但是一点价值都没有。

相对地,浪子回头的故事里,败家子也没有一点父性(父亲的德行),但是父亲却赐给他父权(戒指)。人成为神,教父们所要强调的是人的神格(与基督同作王),不是人的神性。这样才符合圣经的教导。


* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
* 参考资料

http://book.kuanye.net/files/article/fulltext/0/714.html
三位一体论 - 奥古斯丁着

第一部

第七章、子如何比父小,也比祂自己小

十四、我已说到我们的前辈应用圣经中上述和类似的见证,来揭露异端派的错谬,将教义所示三位一体的合一和平等给向我们证明。
由于上帝的道成为肉身,作成我们得救的工夫,好叫为人的基督耶稣可以作神人间的中保,
所以在圣经中有许多事说起来,好像是表明甚或是很明显地说,父是比子大的;以致人们不求甚解,或不顾圣经的全盘意义,企图将那些从肉体论耶稣基督所说的事,转移到祂道成肉身以前永恒的本体上去。
例如,他们说,子比父小,因为经上记着主自己说:“父是比我大的”(约24:28)。
但真理证明,按照同一意义子也是比祂自己小;因为祂既“虚己,取了奴仆的形像,”祂怎得不成为比祂自己小呢?
祂之取了奴仆的形像 ,并不使祂失去那使祂与父同等的上帝之形像。
倘若 祂取了奴仆的形像 ,而并不是使祂失去上帝的形像,因为祂自己在奴仆的形像里和在上帝的形像里同是父上帝的独生子,在上帝的形像里是与父同等,在奴仆的形像里是神人间的中保,即为人的基督耶稣;
那么谁个不能看见祂在上帝的形像里比祂自己大,可是在奴仆的形像里却比祂自己小呢?
而后者照着奴仆的形像加以了解,就没有混乱之处。其实这将全部圣经弄清楚这问题的准则,是在使徒保罗一封书信的一章里揭橥了。他在那里足够清楚地将这区分介绍给我们,说:
“他本有上帝的形像,不以自己与上帝同等为强夺的;反倒虚己, 取了奴仆的形像 ,成为人的样式;并有人的样子”(腓2:7)。
于是在本性上上帝的儿子与父上帝同等,但在“样子”上比父小。因为在祂所取的奴仆形像上,祂比父小;但在祂取了奴仆的形像以前所有父得形像上,祂与父同等。
祂在上帝的形像上是道,“万物是祂造的”(约1:3);但祂在奴仆的形像上“为女子所生,且生在律法以下,要把律法以下的人赎出来”(加4:4,5)。
照样祂在上帝的形像里造了人;祂在奴仆的形像里被造为人。
因为假如父独自造了人,而子没有分,经上就不会记着说:“我们要照着我们的形像,按着我们的样式造人”(创1:26)。
所以,既然 上帝的形像取了奴仆的形像 ,所以祂是二者,是上帝也是人:是上帝,乃是由于上帝去取;也是人,乃是由于人被取。
二者中之一,既不因取的动作而变成了另一,即神并未被改变成受造者,以致不再是神;而受造者也并不改变成为神,以致不再是受造者。

第八章、将被人误解论子服在父以下的经文加以说明。基督将国交与父,并不把国舍弃。得以看见祂,乃是合一切行动所应许的目的。圣灵与父一样能赐福给我们。

十五、使徒说:“万物既服了祂,那时,子也要自己服那叫万物服祂的”(林前15:28)。
这段经文 使人不得把基督所取人的样子看为在后来变成了神性 ,或(说得更确切些)变成了不是受造者,而是合一的三位一体神——一种无形的,不变的,合质的,与本身同永恒的本性。
如若有人主张说,经文“那时,子也要自己服那叫万物服祂的”,是要使人可以相信“服”乃指受造者后来变成创造主的本体或本质,那就是说,本来受造者的本体要变成创造主的本体,
那么这种人至少承认无法置疑的真理,即他所主张的,在主说“我父是比我大的”时候,尚没有实现。
因为祂说这话,不仅是在祂升天以前,也是在祂受难从死复活以前。
但若他们设想祂的人性将变成神的本质,而“那时,子也要自己服那叫万物服祂的”经文便是这么说,
即宛如是说:那时, 人子自己和上帝的道所取的人性,也要变成那叫万物服祂的上帝的本性 ,那么他们就也必须设想这将在审判日后,即当“祂将国交与父上帝”时,才实现出来。
按照这种意见说,甚至在这时以后父还是比那从童女所取奴仆的形像大。
但若有人进一步主张说,基督耶稣这人已经变成了上帝的本体,至少他们不能否认祂在受难以前说:“因为父是比我大的”时,祂的人性还存留着;从此这话的意思无疑是父是:比奴仆的形像大,但子在上帝的形像里是与父同等。
谁听到使徒说:“祂既说万物都服了祂,明显那叫万物服祂的不在其内了”(林前15:47),
谁也不得想那叫万物服祂的话,乃是单指父说的,好像子自己没有叫万物服祂自己。
因为这就是使徒向腓利比人所明白宣说的:“我们却是天上国民;并且等候救主就是主,耶稣基督从天上降临。祂要按着那能叫万有归服自己的大能,将我们这卑贱的身体改变形状,和祂自己荣耀的身体相似”(腓3:20,21)。
可见父和子的行动是分不开的。
否则,父也没有将万物服自己,但子叫万物服了父,因为子把国交与祂,将一切执政的,掌权的,有能的,都废弃了。
因为使徒论子说:“祂就把国交与父上帝;将一切执政的,掌权的,有能的,都废弃。”那将一切废弃的,也使一切服从。




http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/130101.htm
On the Trinity (Book I)

Chapter 7.— In What Manner the Son is Less Than the Father, and Than Himself.

14. In these and like testimonies of the divine Scriptures, by free use of which, as I have said, our predecessors exploded such sophistries or errors of the heretics, the unity and equality of the Trinity are intimated to our faith. But because, on account of the incarnation of the Word of God for the working out of our salvation, that the man Christ Jesus might be the Mediator between God and men, many things are so said in the sacred books as to signify, or even most expressly declare, the Father to be greater than the Son; men have erred through a want of careful examination or consideration of the whole tenor of the Scriptures, and have endeavored to transfer those things which are said of Jesus Christ according to the flesh, to that substance of His which was eternal before the incarnation, and is eternal. They say, for instance, that the Son is less than the Father, because it is written that the Lord Himself said, My Father is greater than I. But the truth shows that after the same sense the Son is less also than Himself; for how was He not made less also than Himself, who emptied Himself, and took upon Him the form of a servant? For He did not so take the form of a servant as that He should lose the form of God, in which He was equal to the Father. If, then, the form of a servant was so taken that the form of God was not lost, since both in the form of a servant and in the form of God He Himself is the same only-begotten Son of God the Father, in the form of God equal to the Father, in the form of a servant the Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; is there any one who cannot perceive that He Himself in the form of God is also greater than Himself, but yet likewise in the form of a servant less than Himself? And not, therefore, without cause the Scripture says both the one and the other, both that the Son is equal to the Father, and that the Father is greater than the Son. For there is no confusion when the former is understood as on account of the form of God, and the latter as on account of the form of a servant. And, in truth, this rule for clearing the question through all the sacred Scriptures is set forth in one chapter of an epistle of the Apostle Paul, where this distinction is commended to us plainly enough. For he says, Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God; but emptied Himself, and took upon Him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and was found in fashion as a man. The Son of God, then, is equal to God the Father in nature, but less in fashion. For in the form of a servant which He took He is less than the Father; but in the form of God, in which also He was before He took the form of a servant, He is equal to the Father. In the form of God He is the Word, by whom all things are made; but in the form of a servant He was made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law. In like manner, in the form of God He made man; in the form of a servant He was made man. For if the Father alone had made man without the Son, it would not have been written, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Therefore, because the form of God took the form of a servant, both is God and both is man; but both God, on account of God who takes; and both man, on account of man who is taken. For neither by that taking is the one of them turned and changed into the other: the Divinity is not changed into the creature, so as to cease to be Divinity; nor the creature into Divinity, so as to cease to be creature.

Chapter 8.— The Texts of Scripture Explained Respecting the Subjection of the Son to the Father, Which Have Been Misunderstood. Christ Will Not So Give Up the Kingdom to the Father, as to Take It Away from Himself. The Beholding Him is the Promised End of All Actions. The Holy Spirit is Sufficient to Our Blessedness Equally with the Father.

15. As for that which the apostle says, And when all things shall be subdued unto Him, then shall the Son also Himself be subject unto Him that put all things under Him: 
either the text has been so turned, 
lest any one should think that the fashion of Christ, which He took according to the human creature, was to be transformed hereafter into the Divinity, 
or (to express it more precisely) the Godhead itself, who is not a creature, but is the unity of the Trinity,— a nature incorporeal, and unchangeable, and consubstantial, and co-eternal with itself; 
or if any one contends, as some have thought, that the text, Then shall the Son also Himself be subject unto Him that put all things under Him, is so turned 
in order that one may believe that very subjection to be a change and conversion hereafter of the creature into the substance or essence itself of the Creator, 
that is, that that which had been the substance of a creature shall become the substance of the Creator;
— such an one at any rate admits this, of which in truth there is no possible doubt, that this had not yet taken place, when the Lord said, My Father is greater than I. 
For He said this not only before He ascended into heaven, but also before He had suffered, and had risen from the dead. 

But they who think that the human nature in Him is to be changed and converted into the substance of the Godhead, and that it was so said, Then shall the Son also Himself be subject unto Him that put all things under Him,
— as if to say, Then also the Son of man Himself, and the human nature taken by the Word of God, shall be changed into the nature of Him who put all things under Him—must also think that this will then take place, when, after the day of judgment, He shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father. And hence even still, according to this opinion, the Father is greater than that form of a servant which was taken of the Virgin. But if some affirm even further, that the man Christ Jesus has already been changed into the substance of God, at least they cannot deny that the human nature still remained, 
when He said before His passion, For my Father is greater than I; whence there is no question that it was said in this sense, that the Father is greater than the form of a servant, to whom in the form of God the Son is equal. Nor let any one, hearing what the apostle says, 
But when He says all things are put under Him, it is manifest that He is excepted which did put all things under Him, think the words, that He has put all things under the Son, to be so understood of the Father, as that He should not think that the Son Himself put all things under Himself. 
For this the apostle plainly declares, when he says to the Philippians, For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like His glorious body, according to the working whereby He is able even to subdue all things unto Himself. 
For the working of the Father and of the Son is indivisible. 
Otherwise, neither has the Father Himself put all things under Himself, but the Son has put all things under Him, who delivers the kingdom to Him, and puts down all rule and all authority and power. 
For these words are spoken of the Son: 
When He shall have delivered up, says the apostle, the kingdom to God, 
even the Father; when He shall have put down all rule, and all authority, and all power. 
For the same that puts down, also makes subject.
删除 回复mee 2011-3-12 07:35
看不懂。不费脑细胞了。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-12 22:34
mee: 看不懂。不费脑细胞了。
还在整理中。开始立论了。
我的表达 向来就不好,另一方面 这篇涉及拉丁文,所以敬请包容。

另外,希望能够找到以前的帖子,一些驳斥误用教父言论的帖子。
删除 回复一丰 2011-3-12 22:56
Big: 还在整理中。开始立论了。
我的表达 向来就不好,另一方面 这篇涉及拉丁文,所以敬请包容。

另外,希望能够找到以前的帖子,一些驳斥误用教父言论的帖子。 ...
B牧辛苦了。对“一些驳斥误用教父言论的帖子”期待中...
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-14 15:57
路德在《罗马书讲义》里解释罗一3这节经文时,他说:

“据我所知,这段经文尚未被任何人适切而正确地解释过。……在此希腊文版本最有帮助:‘论到祂儿子,大卫的后裔所造成的;照成圣之灵,藉从死里复活,在权能中被选或指定、宣告、委派为上帝的儿子,就是耶稣基督我们的主。’”(马丁路德,《罗马书讲义》,Wilhelm Pauck编译,李春旺中译,中华信义神学院出版社,61-62页)
http://books.google.com/books?id=bXERc8FCmsIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lectures+on+romans+luther&source=bl&ots=WOQGeny3kT&sig=Zr59ltXbSpOo-4S6B77sxusg3WA&hl=en&ei=FMV9Tf-XGcOAlAfs6dz-BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false
--- 《罗马书讲义》英文版

编者Wilhelm Pauck 在13页做了注释22,“22 Luther used the Pauline commentary of Faber Stapulensis (Epistle Pauli Apostoli. Paris 1512; 2ed ed., 1515). Faber attempted a new translation from Greek to Latin. However, Luther relied chiefly on Laurentius Valla (Annotationes in latinam Novi Testmenti interpretationem, edited by Erasmus: Paris, 1505).”

也就是说,Pauck 认为路德并不是直接引用希腊文经文,路德在这里只是辗转引用他人的作品。

目前,希腊文手抄本都是genomenou,主要意思是 “成为” ,动词形态是关身形主动式(http://bible.fhl.net/gbdoc/new/fhlwhparsing.php?engs=Rom&chap=1&sec=3)。如果要讲成 被动式的 “被造” ,这是需要一大篇的论述。

Big 2011-3-14 16:34
极需一部优秀的拉丁文圣经,但直到耶柔米才译出一部优秀的拉丁文圣经。耶柔米的武加大译本,《四福音书》于383年出版,整本新约于388年出版。而安波罗修的《论基督教信仰》则于378年写成。所以安波罗修虽然是西方的拉丁教父,但他所用的圣经是希腊文圣经,当他写《论基督教信仰》一书时,武加大译本并未翻译出版。
在当时还没有完整的拉丁文译本,多数是单独书卷的翻译,而且彼此的翻译差异很大,所以教宗才叫耶柔米整理四福音书,最后才整理出整本圣经。后来罗马教廷也下令:不准把圣经翻译成拉丁文;于是武加大译本成了绝响。所以,虽然当时没有拉丁文圣经译本,但是有不少各个书卷的拉丁文译本。

参考资料:
武加大译本
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/武加大译本

「聖經翻譯和傳播」之六
http://www.hkbs.org.hk/Common/Reader/News/ShowNews.jsp?Nid=64&Pid=22&Version=0&Cid=40&Charset=big5_hkscs
“教廷根本不准許聖經翻譯這回事——就連拉丁文聖經都不能修訂”
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-14 17:03
安波罗修对γενομένου这个词在圣经里的用法有深入的研究,他在《论基督教信仰》一书里对这个词在哪些经文里应译为“被造”或译为“成为”等有清楚的说明。当然,他认为在罗一3这里,γενομένου这词应译为“被造”。
https://www.51zanmei.net/thread-22691-1-1.html
-- Exposition of the Christian Faith, Book III
--Chapter 5. 
--35. ... that Christ was made for us, of the Father, not created. ...
--40. ... each several place where we read of His being made, not indeed by nature, but by way of gracious dispensation. ...
--Chapter 6.
--45. ... If, then, being made is oftentimes referred to something accidental, not to the essence of a thing, so may creation also be referred to some end had in view.
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-14 17:35
http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/160331.htm
--Sermons on the New Testament (Augustine)
--Sermon 31 on the New Testament
--6. ... Since then they are men, and the sons of men, if they are not the children of the Most High, they are liars, for, all men are liars. If they are the sons of God, if they have been redeemed by the Saviour's grace, if purchased with His precious Blood, if born again of water and of the Spirit, if predestinated to the inheritance of heaven, then indeed are they children of God. And so thereby are gods. What then would a lie have to do with you? ...

* * * * * * * * * * * 

回应:

神的孩子 就是 神,救主的宝血所赎回的人就是 神的孩子、神的儿子。
重点是:因信称义;不是:有些神的性情。

不在于教父们说过些什么,而是教父们想表达什么。
教父们所要表达的理念,跟今天引用者的理念,两者是决然不同的。
此外,不必等到教父时代,早在耶稣时代,早在旧约时代,圣经已经称人是神了,是会死的神。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-14 17:54
And that we are so filled with "all the fulness of God," ... we are filled in every way in which He fills, and become full of God, showered with all gifts and grace and filled with His Spirit, ... . In short, that everything that He is and can do, be fully in us and mightily work, that we be completely deified [vergottet], not that we have a particle or only some pieces of God, but all fulness. ... but here [in faith] the right and closest way to get there is indicated, that you become full of God, that you lack in no thing, but have everything in one heap, that everything that you speak, think, walk, in sum, your whole life be completely divine [Gottisch].

--Sermon of 1525, WA 17 1:438; “In ipsa,” 54.

(德语vergotten就是成为神的意思,比成圣更直接并清晰)
* * * * * * * * * * * 

回应:

To be full of God means to deify, 这个没有什么大问题。

但是vergotten (deify) 的意思应该是 “成为神” 还是 “成圣(神化、成为神圣的)”?这就有的讨论了。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-14 18:19
http://www.spurgeon.org/~phil/history/ath-inc.htm
--Athanasius: On the Incarnation
--De Incarnatione Verbi Dei
--Chapter 8 Refutation of the Gentiles—continued
--(54) ... the Word of God Himself. He, indeed, assumed humanity that we might become God. ... He endured shame from men that we might inherit immortality. 

* * * * * * * * * * * 

回应:

To become God means to inherit immortality.
这样的思维 合乎林前15.

不朽坏、永生,是得救的真理,也是神的所是。
教父说 “成为人”,今天说 “得荣耀”。
人除了殉道,死了就不再作恶,否则耶稣再来时,人心还是悖逆的。
即使是殉道者的灵魂,他们也等不耐烦,求神快快来审判恶人。
所以没有真神的保守,成为神的人 还是人,还是受造物。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-15 08:14
对于李氏神学,我的立场:

1. 李氏神学大体上没有错误,但是有夸大的弊病。

2. 耶稣是受造的,这个主张勉强可以接受。但是李氏认为耶稣是人,所以耶稣的人部分是受造的;我认为,耶稣的人部分具有受造性,但是,不是受造成的。

3. 人成为神,这个主张也勉强可以接受。但是李氏认为人会成为完全的神,只是没有神格;我认为有永生的人算得上是人眼中的神,但是 “成为神的人” 与 “具有神格的神” 在各方面都还差一大截。

4. 初代教父们认为:永恒的不朽坏叫人够资格被称作神。神成为人的主要目的是赎罪。这些都是圣经字面上的教导。另外,人成为神是神成为人的目的(极力地,为了人成为神),还是结果(附带地,以至于人成为神)?这个要从出处的前后文来理解。

5. 为什么教父提到的人成为神在历史上不成为主流?因为十字架是信仰的核心,被杀的羔羊这个主题贯穿整本圣经。好比近代的灵恩运动始终成不了气候,不过是刮一阵风。

6. 基督一志论,是东方教会的主张,但是东方教会本身也没有定论,甚至连定义都很模糊。西方教会以基督两性为理由推翻了一志说,但是始终没有正面答复,他们主张一志还是两志,最后提出一个位格作为结论。

7. 断章取义的方式,使得前人的言论一面倒向李氏神学。但是回头考察出处的叙述,会发觉这些前人叙述地很含蓄,不会超越圣经的教导。通常出处的前后文在叙述别的道理,但是后人引用时就套上自己的道理;张冠李戴、移花接木的引用,对照前后两者时,叫查验的人轻松不少。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-15 22:29
【受造的耶稣吗?】
* 来 10:5  所以基督到世上来的时候,就说:神啊,祭物和礼物是你不愿意的;你曾给
我预备了身体。
当然耶稣有身体,但是身体是怎么形成的?
怎么肯定拿来作预备的就是受造的?
预备通常是指:拿既有的来,整理后,再呈现出来。
所以,来10:5 这个根据还不是很明确的。
* 箴言 8:22 在耶和华造化的起头,在太初创造万物之先,就有(7069 qa.na.h 得)了我。

http://net.bible.org/#!bible/Proverbs+8:22
-- 指出 qanah 有另一个意思:创造 (qa.yi.n)。

-- 七十贤士译本也作:创造。
-- 英文译本多做:有。NIV 和 NLT* 做:造。
但是,7013 qa.yi.n 是名词 矛或枪。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-16 02:40
* 人是受造的

約伯記 10:8 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
你的手创造(6078 ‘a.ts.b) 我,造就(6213 ‘a.sa.h)我的四肢百体,你还要毁灭我。

約伯記 31:15 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
造(6213 ‘a.sa.h)我在腹中的,不也是造(6213)他麽?将他与我抟(3559 k.u.n)在腹中的岂不是一位麽?

詩篇 119:73 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
你的手制(6213)造(3559)我,建立我;求你赐我悟性,可以学习你的命令!

詩篇 95:6 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
来啊,我们要屈身敬拜,在造(6213 ‘a.sa.h)我们的耶和华面前跪下。

詩篇 139:13 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
我的肺腑是你所造(7069 qa.na.h)的;我在母腹中,你已覆庇我。

耶利米書 1:5 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
我未将你造(3335 ‘a.tsa.r 捏土)在腹中,我已晓得你;你未出母胎,我已分别你为圣;我已派你作列国的先知。

創世記 Chinese Bible: Union (Simplified)
1 起初, 神创造(1254 ba.ra.”)天地。
16 於是 神造(6213 ‘a.sa.h)了两个大光,大的管昼,小的管夜,又造众星,
21  神就造(1254 ba.ra.”)出大鱼和水中所滋生各样有生命的动物,各从其类;又造出各样飞鸟,各从其类。 神看着是好的。
25 於是 神造(6213 ‘a.sa.h)出野兽,各从其类;牲畜,各从其类;地上一切昆虫,各从其类。 神看着是好的。
26  神说:我们要照着我们的形像、按着我们的样式造(6213 ‘a.sa.h)人,使他们管理海里的鱼、空中的鸟、地上的牲畜,和全地,并地上所爬的一切昆虫。
27  神就照着自己的形像造(1254 ba.ra.”)人,乃是照着他的形像造(1254)男造(1254)女。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-16 03:03
http://word.fhl.net/cgi-bin/rogbook.cgi?user=word&proc=read&bid=5&msgno=53
--標題∕基督的人性是被造的?
--發佈者∕康來昌

我們可以學一位敬虔教父(對不起,忘了名字,我譯的早期基督教教義中應有)的講法:「聖子在馬利亞腹中為自己造了一個肉身。」但即使是這個講法,耶穌的人性和肉身仍是被造的,在「祂為自己造」之前,祂的人性和肉身是不存在的。何況, 這個講法並不被多數教父採納 ,較多的教父和會議(對不起,實在沒時間查書)是說:「他從父得到神性(指為父所生而非所造,尼西亞信經的重點),從馬利亞得到人性」。後面這句話建立在「聖靈感孕」上。

..... 所以,他們的始祖否定耶穌有肉身,這是使徒時代就有的 幻影派(Docetism)。 

..... 我先引《加爾文要義》(錢曜誠譯本)的話:... 「保羅並沒有教導基督的身體擁有屬天的本質」,「基督與人擁有同樣肉體的本性」(383頁),「他們…的謬誤— 證明基督的身體出於虛無 」(385頁)。... 

* * * * * * * * * * * 

回应:

康來昌所强调的是耶稣的肉体不是幻影,而且耶稣的肉体来自马利亚。

* 如今,非受造派的争论是:耶稣的肉体不是受造成的,但是有受造物的性质。
简单地说,单性生殖出来的人算是正常人吗?

解法一:受精卵不是从马利亚来的,是外来的。
解法二:圣经说了算。圣经说耶稣有完全的人性,所以耶稣是人。圣经没有说 “耶稣是被造的”,所以我们不知道。人高兴怎么说,就怎么是。

* 有人举例 西1:15 来论证:耶稣是受造的。但是有三个问题:

1。耶稣在万物被造之前就被生、被造为被造物,那么,马利亚的生是耶稣第二次成为被造物。所以,耶稣第一次受造为的是创造世界,第二次受造为的是救赎人类。

2。从文法上,那个片语可以是:受造物的首生者,或创造(之前)的首生者。那么,是谁生出第一个受造物?或者,受生就是受造,是吗?

3。西 3:15 的前后文讲的是创造万物的神子,突然插进一句神子是受造物,语气上很不通顺。相对地,如果父生子,那么以上的两个问题也可以解决。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-16 07:24
非受造派的根据:
..約翰福音1:14 道成(关身式,1096 ginomai 成为) 了肉身,住在我们中间,.....

受造派的根据:
..腓立比書2:7 反倒虚己,取(2983lambano拿)了 奴仆的形像,成为(1096 ginomai 成为) [没有翻译] (被动式,2147 heurisko 发现)人的样式;

* * * * * * * * * * 

对受造派的质疑一:

为什么 “人的样式” 指的就是 “人的肉体” ?
那么,神用神的样式造人,人也就有了神的肉体、或神的灵体,是吗?

对受造派的质疑二:

虽然许多英文译本翻译成:被造成人的样式(用人的样式被造)。
1096 ginomai 成为,本身另外有被动式,为什么关身式要被翻译成 被动式 被造(更正:第二过去式没有被动式,这时常借用关身式来表达被动式)?
其实,从字义上,ginomai 的关身式或被动式,都是作用为主动式,
这个特性,可以参考下列 ginomai 被动式的例子。
既然被动式都是主动式,因此,把少数例子翻译成 被动式 “被生” 和 “被造” 并不适当。

..羅馬書9:29 又如以赛亚先前说过:若不是万军之主给我们存留馀种,我们早已[没有翻译](被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)像所多玛,蛾摩拉的样子了。
..歌林多前書4:9 我想神把我们使徒明明列在末後,好像定死罪的囚犯;因为我们成了一台戏,[没有翻译](被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)给世人和天使观看。
..歌林多前書4:13 被人毁谤,我们就善劝。直到如今,人(原文无“人”)还把我们看作(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)世界上的污秽,万物中的渣滓。
..歌林多前書10:6 这些事都是(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)我们的鉴戒,叫我们不要贪恋恶事,像他们那样贪恋的;
..以弗所書2:13 你们从前远离神的人,如今却在基督耶稣里,靠着他的血,已经得(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)亲近了。
..歌羅西書4:11 耶数又称为犹士都,也问你们安。奉割礼的人中,只有这三个人是为神的国与我一同做工的,也是(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)叫我心里得安慰的。
..帖撒羅尼迦前書1:6 并且你们在大难之中,蒙了圣灵所赐的喜乐,领受真道就[没有翻译](被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)效法我们,也效法了主;
..帖撒羅尼迦前書2:8 我们既是这样爱你们,不但愿意将神的福音给你们,连自己的性命也愿意给你们,因你们是(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)我们所疼爱的。
..帖撒羅尼迦前書2:14 弟兄们,你们曾[没有翻译](被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)效法犹太中在基督耶稣里神的各教会;因为你们也受了本地人的苦害,像他们受了犹太人的苦害一样。

..希伯來書6:4 论到那些已经蒙了光照、尝过天恩的滋味、又於圣灵有(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)分,
..彼得前書3:6 就如撒拉听从亚伯拉罕,称他为主。你们若行善,不因恐吓而害怕,便是(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)撒拉的女儿了。
..彼得後書1:16 我们从前将我们主耶稣基督的大能和他降临的事告诉你们,并不是随从乖巧捏造的虚言,乃是(被动式,1096 ginomai 成为)亲眼见过他的威荣。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-16 10:51
是2世纪的爱任纽吗?还是与爱任纽同时代的亚历山大的革利免?是亚他那修、家帕多家三教父、屈梭多模、亚历山大的区利罗他们吗?这些教父都在使用希腊文,而这些教父都在教导说基督的人性是被造的。难道这些东方的希腊教父也有“翻译会造成这样的假象”?

亚历山大的区利罗在《论独生子成肉身评注》一书里说:
http://books.google.com/books?id=N--h3G5Y60gC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cyril+Alexandria&hl=en&ei=DSCATYeIIfSw0QGAkMWECQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=latin&f=false

《Cyril of Alexadria》written by Norman Russell, 
67页指出:区利罗的著作多被翻译成拉丁文,送往罗马。
71页指出:亚历山大有许多翻译员,而与耶柔米同时代的区利罗应该见过耶柔米的作品。

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回应:

所以,今日的《论独生子成肉身评注》的英文版式从拉丁文翻译过来的。我们不知道,区利罗是引用从拉丁文圣经、还是希腊文圣经、还是今天还未出现的希腊文手抄本(说耶稣是被造的)?
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-16 11:07
http://www.cslewis.org/journal/?feed=rss2
-- Shine As the Sun: C.S. Lewis and the Doctrine of Deification
-- 鲁易士(CS Lewis)论“神化”

“神格化了的人类永远还是人”
 Deified human beings forever remain human while at the same time sharing in divine grace or energy, just like blazing iron in the fire shares the properties of flame but doesn’t cease to be iron.”
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-3-24 02:08
再谈李氏的神学和论证

1. 李氏的惊人言语,不知道是从会所内部传出来,还是外人错误引用。比如:耶稣是受造的,讲的是耶稣的人性是受造的。生神变成熟神,讲的是可以吃喝耶稣。等等的惊人之语,初看,惹人厌;再听,有道理;细思,全不对。

首先,李氏的基督论,完全混肴了耶稣两性合一的道理。
其次,吃喝耶稣,不代表吃喝神,乃是吃喝基督,乃是纪念救赎。
第三,李氏提出来的口号,背后都有许多的但书、条件,而且是很复杂交错的论证体系。

2. 引用教父的言论,却不能与他们一致。比如,教父说我们就是神,李氏说我们以后会是神。李氏引用之后,往往改变原来的语义。
删除 回复Gracepeng 2011-6-2 11:47
big牧师,你真是很爱思考,许多警言都很令我悔改。
flicker 彩虹炫 | 编辑 删除Big 2011-6-3 01:12
Gracepeng: big牧师,你真是很爱思考,许多警言都很令我悔改。
谢谢你耐心地读完这篇冗长、杂乱的文章。




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