Biblical Greek, Verbs, Tenses, Modes, Voices

2012-3-15 21:11

Biblical Greek, Verbs, Tenses, Modes, Voices

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10-07-99

TENSES..... (aspects of action)
PHASE  SIGNIFICANCE
? present inception status  (>>x) started + act(ing)
imperfect progress highlight (-x-) act
aorist  occurrence existence (>x<) happened
perfect  start  change  >(x) started
pluperfect finish  completion (x)< finished
future  exclusion certainty >>(x)


MOODS/MODES..... (possibility of action)
SIGNIFICANCE
indicative perspective do as depicted/projected
imperative will  must as demanded/necessary
subjunctive result  may/can as thought/true
optive  possibility may as assumed/unknown
(future) certainty shall/should as assured/destined(obligated)
participle adj + adv (means, temporal)
infinite noun + adv (purpose, temporal)
periphrastic to be some kind of person/thing

indicative (as acted)
imperative no matter if possible
subjunctive as possible (permitted/executable)
optive  as a little possible
(future) as much as all possible
participle
infinite
periphrastic (pron.) + BE/ind.(P,I,F) + adj./ptcp.(P,A,Pf)


VOICES.....

SUBJECT  ACTIVITY
active  performer to do
middle  involver to do (to/for) oneself,
to have oneself do/done
passive  recipient to be done

SIGNIFICANCE
active  fact that one implements the action
middle  participation no matter if one is doing or done
passive  fact that one receives the advantage or disadvantage
of the action


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10-23-99

TENSES..... (aspects of action)

... action view
PHASE  SIGNIFICANCE
present  progression development (>x>) started + acting
imperfect progress highlight (-x-) act
aorist  occurrence existence (>x ) started + acted
perfect  start  change  >(x) started
pluperfect finish  completion (x)< finished
future  exclusion certainty >>(x)

present  is doing, has been doing
imperfect begins to do, is doing, does
aorist  has done, does
perfect  has done, has begun to do
pluperfect has done, had done, has finished doing

... NOW view
present  through NOW, (into + out of)
imperfect at NOW, (cross, within)
aorist  into NOW
perfect  ? unto NOW
pluperfect before NOW

present  regardless of its status in the inside of NOW
imperfect regardless of if it starts in NOW
aorist  regardless of if it is completed in or before NOW
perfect  regardless of if it is completed in or outside NOW
(though usually it is completed before NOW)
(and leaving the result in NOW as Aorist does)
(but Perfect highlights the different aspect)
pluperfect regardless of its influence in NOW

present  passing by NOW, and toward the consumation
imperfect
aorist  happened before NOW, and leaving the result in NOW
perfect  happened/started before NOW
pluperfect completed before NOW

present  does    (durative, undefinitive)
imperfect continues doing, is doing (progressive)
aorist  has done   (terminative)
perfect  has done, begins to do  (inceptive)
pluperfect has done, finishes doing (perfective)

present  on-going state, ? of action
imperfect on-going action, progress of action
aorist  ? existence of action
perfect  occurrence of action
pluperfect perfection of action

? how to apply to other modes
? how to explain the disappearance of I and PPf in other modes

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11-09-99

present  a> continuing, b> complex, c> active
imperfect a> inceptive, b> highlighted, c>
aorist  a> occurrence, b> existence, c>
perfect  a> perfection, b> post-action, c> post-status
pluperfect a> perfection
future  a> future, b> certainty, c>

indicative
imperative
subjunctive
optive
future

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9-15-99

present
imperfect
aorist
perfect
pluperfect
future

indicative
imperative
subjunctive
optive
future

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