Hebrew - Nouns, Cases

2012-3-15 21:54

Biblical Hebrew, Nouns, Cases, from IBHS

Appendix: Brief Hebrew Syntax According to IBHS1

Contents



II. Nouns

A. Nominative
B. Genitive
C. Accusative
D. Numbers
E. Demonstratives
F. Independent Personal Pronouns
G. Apposition




Nominative [IBHS 8.3a]

subject [4.4],
predicate of verbless clauses (the nominal clause),
nominative absolute [4.7b] (as for N-Abs),
vocative [8.3d, 4.7d] (in apposition to the 2nd person [12.3a])


Genitive [IBHS 9.5] (Construct + Genitive)

subjective [.1]: (genitive has a verbal quality)

of agency [.b] (G does C=verb),
of authorship [.c] (G writes/speaks C),
of instrument [.d] (C=verb/adj with/by G),
abstract subjective [.e] (C=suffix G=verb)

subjective [.1]: (genitive has non-verbal quality)

temporal [.f] (C=time of G=verb),
possessive [.g] (G owns C),
of inalienable possession [.h] (C is a part of G),
of relation [.i] (G=one C=rel social position),
of quality [.j] (G=one C=quality),
partitive [.k] (C is divided from G)

adverbial [.2]:

objective [.b] (C=pt/verb G=obj),
of effect [.c] (C causes/produces G; cf. of authorship),
of a mediated object [.d] (C does to/by/with G; cf. of instrument),
of advantage [or disadvantage] [.e] (C=verb for/against/due to G=obj)
of location [.f] (C is at/toward G=place)

adjectival [.3]:

attributive [.b] (G=adj/character C),
epexegetical [.c] (C=adj G),
of substance [.d]

material [.d] (C is made of G),
topical [.e] (C is written about G),
of measure [.f] (G is measured in C=num/all),

inter-relationship [.3g]:

of species [.g] (class G with of G),
of association [.h] (C [of] G=place/name; cf. epexegetical),
of genus [.i] (sg C belongs to class G=group),
superlative [.j] (pl G is cognate with sg C)




Accusative [IBHS 10.2]

objective [.1]:

direct object [.c],
effected object [.f] (cognate: effect, result, cognate),
internal object [.g] (cognate: expression/manner: with Acc)

(cognate,
non-cognate internal),

complement [.h] (Adj of + Acc),
dative [.i] (to/prep. Acc)2

adverial [.2]:

of place [.b], location, goal, origin
of time [.c],
of state [.d],
of manner [.e],
of limitation (as far as Acc),
of specification (as to, of Acc),

double [.3]:

not with Piel-Hiphil forms [.b]

(DO/one+datival, t
hing+material/remade,
one+rank/name,
DO+means/medium [.d]),

with D-H [.e]

(one+definite (mostly),
obj+means/complement)


Accusative Markers

tae -ta, tao DDO (definite, mostly), with compl/datival, time/place/limitation
rc,a} tae the one which/who, that-clause
(rarely) the subject, with prep l/...
l] to, toward; at, near; into, belonging to
(definite) DDO; datival acc, pron DO
h- to/at, -ward; direction, locale; progressive thru time
other prep for certain verbs, [IBHS 10.2.1d]
object suffixes




Numbers [IBHS 7]

singular [7.2]

countables [.1a], collectives [.1b] (conventional [.1c]: singular form; non-conventional [.1d]: pl form but means sg) (a group of the same kind)
class [.2] (a particular class or group, even without the article): enumerations (all/every+, number+), qualitity, gentilic;
repetition [.3]: distributive [.3b], diversity [.3c], emphasis

dual [7.3]

natural pair [.b], metaphorical use, countable units of measurement and time [.c]

plural [7.4]

countables [.1a], collectives [.1b] (result; cf. singular, composition), exensions [.1c] (quality, multiplicity, greatness, enormousness), complex inanimate [.1e]; repetition: emphasis;
abstract [.2]: qualities [.1a], stateS, conditionS [.1b], a repeated series of actions or a habitual behavior [.1c]
honorifics [.3]: intensive [.a], honorific (God) [.b]
[Seow 24.6a] numerals:

"one" is attributive, agrees in gender and definiteness; subst in const w/ plural abs noun
"two" may be substantive, constructive, or apposition, agrees in gender
"three - ten" preposition, sg-- pl noun, female-- male noun, male-- female noun





Demonstratives [Seow 10.1b]

-- it points to someone or something to make that referent
i. as an adjective, it stands in the final position. A third person independent pronoun

(3rd IPP) may be used emphatically. Translated as (definite noun:) "the N, the very one" or "that N"

ii. as pronoun: precedes the predicate/complement
iii. The repetition of the same demonstrative may indicate reciprocity or contrast.

Translated as "one ... anoth" or " this one ... that one"





Independent Personal Pronouns [Seow 9.1b]

i. the subject of a verbless clause
ii. for emphasis, "the one, the very one, that one", the DO or IO
iii. the third person pron. : "the same, the afore-mentioned, that"
iv. 3ms, 3fs : explanation or clarification, "that is"
v. change of the speaker or actor, in parenthetical comments




Apposition [IBHS 12]
- a certain one, no other [.2a]
- form-matter/identity, substance-accident, universal-perticular [.2b]

N1-N2 [12.3] sorted [.b], quality/character [.c], material [.c], measure/measured [.d], office/relationship [.e], repeated prep/ta (N+name) [.f]
pron(suffix)-N [12.4]
repetitive (N1-N1) [12.5a]: distributive, diverse, emphatic
pron(suffix)-IPP [16.3.4]: IPP/emphatic; IPP-pron: IPP/Nom Abs

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1 O’Connor, M.; Bruce K. Waltke. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990

2 objective) (1) prep+Acc, pron-suffix; (2) I.O.